Lacquer and lacquer enamel



Patented A r 1 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STANLEY ID. SHIRLEY GUY C. GI VEN, OI S'JBA'MI'OBII), CONNEOTICUT,-ABSIGNOBS TO ATLAS POWDEBCOMPANY, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION 01' DELAWARE.

mcoona am) 'nacouna Io Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

a Be it known that STANLEY D. SHIPLEY and.

GUY C. GIVEN, citizens of the United States, residing at Stamford, in the county of Fair- 5 field and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ,fents to the solvents, which diluents are either Lacquers and Lacquer .Ena'mels, of which the following is a specification.

The object of our invention is to produce a.

1 new and novel composition of matter having useful properties as a lacquer or lacquerenamel, among which may be mentione the qualities of beingcheap, free from'precipitation, non-h gros'copic, free-flowing, and

1 of pleasanto or.

In the nitrocellulose industries, suchas in the manufacture of lacquers, and lacquerenamels, there is a demand for a composition having all of the above-mentioned qualities. None of the ordinary nitrocellulose compositions having solvents such as glacial acetic acid, amyl acetate and acetone, includ-.

ing their homologues and derivatives, v has all of'these desirable properties. In these several industries, it is desirable to vary the relative proportions of the solvent and nitrocellulose to' obtain a solution of the strength desired according to the nature of nitrocellulose film to be formed. For example in lacquer work, the solution ordinarily oes not contain over five ounces of nitrocellulose per gallon in order that a film of proper thickness may-be deposited. In some of the decorative arts, a very heav film is employed which can be deposited tion containing as hi h as twenty ounces of nitrocellulose per gal on. There is thus'for each industry a strength of solution which isbest adapted thereto; Where a solution 40 is desired havingless nitrocelluloseithan the total amount which the solvent is capable of taking'up (for instance if a solution of twenty-ounces of nitrocellulose to a gallonof solvent were desired, which is less than the total amount which the, solvent would take up), it is unnecessary to have the enfrom a solu- Application ma at, 24, 1924. Serial are. 122,032.

tire quantity of solution composed of pure solvent, it only being. necessary to have enough solvent'present to dissolve the desired amount of nitrocellulose; For economy, therefore, it is customary'to add cheap dilucomposition of the solvent mixture resulting from the unequal rate of evaporation of its components, this precipitation being usuall evidenced. by the appearance of a whitis substance, technically lmown asblushing 0r bloomin or by the settling to the bottom of a jel y like mass. Such separation tends to .decrease the strength of the film, and in some cases, the white appearance produces objectionable color efi'ects. Moreover,

the odor of amyl-acetate and the ordinarily used nitrocellulose-solvents is highly objectionable to most people,

We have discovered that by the use of a composition containing ethyl-glycol oncn cn o m a chemical compound manufactured by introducing an eth 1 group in place of one of the hydroxyl' hy rogens in glycol as the active nitrocellulose-solvent, and benzene as a non-solvent or diluent a mixture is obtained which has a maximum solvent power, and in which there is no tendency for the nitrocellulose to precipitate. Such a mixture is comparatively non-hygroscopic.

a film which is strong When these materials are mixed together, the solvent power of the ethyl-glycol, is retained so that the mixture may contain as high as seventy-five per cent of benzene. We

have discovered that ethyl-glycol is unique in respect that it withstands a greater dilution with a non-solvent for nitrocellulose than any other known material. Also that it retains its solvent-power when added to a mixture of non solvents for nitrocellulose. We find that during-evaporation under ordinary factory conditions, the mixture deposits and transparent. The low vapor pressure 0 the ethyl-glycol causes it to remain in the film until the last, which property causes the deposited film to be much smoother. and freer from all pebbly defects than. wouldvbe the case if the vapor pressure were higher. Ethyl-glycol being almost entirely free from odor, imparts no objectionable odor to the lacquer or lacquerenamel, and moreover leaves no residual odor in the film. This is not the case with the ordinarily used nitrocellulose solvents, such as amyl acetate, etc. Lacquers and lacquerenamels madewith the ordinarily .used nitrocellulose solvents cannot be'used in lacquerin or enameling the inside of refrigerators, orexample, on account of the residual odor left in the film which persists for months or even years. A lacquer or lacquerenamel made with ethyl-glycol may be used for this or analogous purposes.

We have discovered that other diluents or non-solvents for nitrocellulose can be used in our composition with equal facility in that the. ethyl-g1 col retains its enormous solvent power. xamples of the non-solvents that can be used are as follows: benzene hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.,) petroleum hydrocarbons (gasoline) acyclic alcohols, (ethyl alcohol, propyl alco o1, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, etc.) I

We have discovered, moreover, that when a small amountsay ten per cent of ethylglycol is added to an ordinary nitrocellulose lacquer or lacquer-enamel made from the ordinarily used nitrocellulose solvents, such as amyl acetate or other acetic acid ester of an acyclic alcohol containing in addition to the nitrocellulose and solvents resin or'resins, an oil or oils, a latent solvent, or latent solvents such as camphor, tricresylphosphate etc., with or without pigment, a much improved composition results. The eth l-glycol imparts a free-flowing quality to t e lacquer or lacquer-enamel w ich is not a qualitypossessed by the ordinarily. manufactured lacquer orlacquer-enameL. The additlon of even ten per cent of the ethyl-glycpl to an ordinary lacquer or lacquer enamel made from the above mentioned constituents gives the lacquer or lacquer-enamel a flowing quality which makes it possible to apply the lacquer or lacquer-enamel with a brush, and

. i obtain a smooth, even surface free from brush marks. An ordinarily manufactured lacquer or lacquer-enamel not containing ethyl-glycol must be applied with a spray in order to obtain an even surface.

Examples of our invention may be given as follows: 4 V

(a) A lacquer.

1 pound of nitrocellulose and one and one half pounds of glycerine-resin-ester (a resin) are dissolved in seven pounds of a mixture of the following composition.

Per cent. Ethyl-glycol (OHCH -CH OC I-L)" 35 Benzene 10 Toluene 15 Xylene 10 Gasoline '10 Butyl alcohol 10 Denatured ethyl alcohol 10 (b) A lacquer-enamel. Two pounds of zinc oxide (pigment) is ground into the above described lacquer, and- (a) A lacquer.

1 pound of nitrocellulose and one and one half pounds of glycerine-resin-ester (a resin) are dissolved in seven pounds of a mixture of the following composition. P t

er cen Ethyl-glycol (OI-ICH -CH OC H .'1O myl acetate 5 utyl acetate 1O Ethyl acetate 15 Benzene 1 0 Toluene 10 Xylene 10 Gasoline 10 Amyl alcohol 5 Butyl alcohol 5 Denatured ethyl alcohol 10 (b) A lacquer enamel.

Two pounds of zinc oxide (a pigment) is ground into the above described lacquer, and two ounces of castor oil and two ounces of camphor (a latent solvent) are added.

as j

i of the nitrocellulose.

We claim; 1. A oomgosition comprising nitrocellulose and et yl-glycol.

2. A composition comprising nitrocel- 5. A composition comprising nitrocellulose, ethyl-glycol and a benzene hydrocarbon.

6. A composition comprising nitrocellulose, ethyl-glycol a benzene hydrocarbon and an acyclic alcohol.

7. A composition comprising nitrocellulose and a resin, in combination with ethyl-glycol and a diluent which is a nonsolvent of nitrocellulose and is miscible with the said com osition without precipitation of the nitroce lulose. a

8. A composition comprising nitrocellulose and a resin, in combin'atiomwith ethyl-glycol and a hydrocarbon diluent miscible with the said composition without precipitation of the nitrocellulose.

9. A composition comprising nitrocellulose and a resin, in combination with ethyl-glycol and a benzene hydrocarbon.

10. A composition comprising nitrocellulose and a resin as a base, ethyl-glycol, a benzene hydrocarbon, an acyclic alcohol and an acetate ester of an acyclic alcohol.

11. A composition comprising nitrocellulose and a resinias a base, ethyl-glycol, a diluent which is non-solvent of nitrocellulose, miscible with the composition withmixture of ethyl-g1 col and a non-solvent'ofnitrocellulose misci le as a diluent with said mixture.

14. A nitrocellulose solvent com risin a mixture of ethyl-glycol and a hy rocar on miscible as a diluent with said mixture.

15. 'A nitrocellulose solvent comprisin -a mixture of ethyl-glycol, an acyclic 'alco 01 and a hydrocarbon miscible as a diluent with said mixture. I

16. A nitrocellulose solvent comprising a mixture of ethyl-glycol and a benzene hydrocarbon.

17. A nitrocellulose solventicomprising a mixture of ethyl-glycol, an acetic acid ester of an acyclic alcohol and a benzene hydrocarbon.

18. A nitrocellulose solvent comprising a mixture of ethyl-glycol and benzene.

19. A nitrocellulose solvent comprisin a lmxture of ethyl-glycol, benzene," etfiy acetate and ethyl alcohol.

20. A nitrocellulose solvent comprising a mixture of ethyl-glycol, benzene, toluene,

xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl a cohol and butyl alcohol. -21. The process of forming a body of nitrocellulose which comprises dissolving nitrocellulose in a solvent consistin essentially of ethyl-glycol (OHCH GH C H and eva rating said mixture;

22. Th process of forming a body of nitrocellulose comprising dissolving nitrocellulose in a mixture of ethyl-glycol and a non-solvent for nitrocellulose and causing the said mixture to evaporate.

.23. The process of formin a body of nitrocellulose comprising disso ving a resin and nitrocellulose in a mixture of ethylglycol and a non-solvent for nitrocellulose, incorporating a pigment, and causing the solvent mixture to evaporate.

24. The process .of formin' a body of nitrocellulose comprising disso ving a resm and nitrocellulose in a mixture of ethylglycol and anon-solvent for nitrocellulose and an acetic acid ester of an acycllc alcohol, incorporating a pigment and causing the said mixture to evaporate.

In testimony whereof hey aflixthelr s gnatures in the presence of two wltnesses.

STANLEY D. SHIPLEY. GUY O. GIVEN. Witnesses:

M. E. Snmmmenn, O. D. Foam.

DISOLAlMER.

1,533,616.Stnl'ey "D. Shfipley and GM 6*.Gz'fien, Stamford, Conn. LACQUER AND LAOQUER ENAMEL. Patent dated April 14, 1925. Disclaimer filed February 24, 1927, by the assignee, Atlas Powder C'ompany. Hereby enters this, its disclaimer, to the subject matter of claims 1, 2, 3, v5, 12, 13, "14, 16, 18, 21, and 22 of said patent, said claims being as follows 1. A composition comprising nitrocellulose and ethyl-glycol.

2; A composition comprising nitrocellulose, ethyl-glycol, and a nonsolvent diluent miscible therewith Without precipitation of the nitrocellulose;

3. A composition comprising nitrocellulose, ethyl-glycol and a hydrocarbon diluent misciblewith the same Without precipitation of the nitrocellulose.

5. Acomposition comprising nitrocellulose, ethyl-glycol and a. benzene hydrocarbon.

12. A nitrocellulose'solvent mixture, the essential constituent of which is ethylglycol (OHCH CH OC H l 13. A nitrocellulose solvent comprising a. mixture of ethyl-glycol and e nonsolvent of nitrocellulose miscible as a. diluent with said mixture. p

14.,A nitrocellulose solvent comprising a mixture of ethyl-glycol and a hi drocarbon miscible as a. diluent with said mixture,

i hydrocarbon.

18. A nitrocellulose solvent comprising a mixture of ethyl-glycol and benzene.

21. The process of forming a body of nitrocellulose which com rises dissolvin 16. A nitrocellulose solyen't comprising a mixture of etliyl-glycol and a benzene nitrocellulose in a solvent consisting essentially of ethyl-glycol (OH H CH OCQH and evaporating said mixture.

22. The process of forming a body ot IIItIOCQllUlOSfl comprising dissolving nitrocellulose in a. mixture of'et-liyl-glycol and s nonsolvent for nitrocellulose and causing the said mixture to evaporate. f [Ofliaial Gazette March. 15, 1927.] 

